-
Recently Browsing 0 members
No registered users viewing this page.
-
Similar Content
-
By Polraudio
Terrain Tags
By: Polraudio
Welcome to the Terrain Tag Tutorial. This tutorial is to teach you all the useful things you can do with the Terrain Tags. Few things I will be covering in this tutorial is healing tiles, damaging tiles.
STEP 1: Tileset Editor
First lets set some terrain tags in the tileset editor. For this demonstration we will be using the grass and the rocks.
Open your database and go to tilesets and the Grassland tileset then click on Terrain Tag.
Set the Rocks for 1 and the Grass for 2 like the example below.
We are going to use rocks to damage the player and the grass to heal the player.
Hit ok on the database to ensure the tags are set.
The next step will be to make the event to track what terrain tag the player is currently on and heal or damage the player.
STEP 2: The Event
Make a new event without a graphic and set the Trigger to Parallel Process.
Create a control variables event and name it something like Terrain Tag. Set the Operand to Character, Player's, Terrain Tag. So it should look like this.
Now we want to setup how the rocks and grass interact with the player. Create a Conditional Branch right under the Variable you just made. Set it to Variable and the variable you just made. Set it to Equal to and Constant 1. So it should look like this.
If you remember from the tileset we set the terrain tag of rocks to 1. When the player is on the rocks the terrain tag will be set to 1 and when the player is over the grass it will be set to 2.
Now we will make the part where it hurts the player when they are on the rocks. Note: i will hurt the player as long as they are on the rocks. Even when not moving.
Right in the conditional branch above else we will want to make it so it hurts the player. Go to page 3 and Change HP .... Here you can set it to harm or heal the player but in this case we want to hurt the whole party so click on Decrease then set the operand to constant and whatever number you want. i will be using 50 for this example. So it should look like this.
Now you can play test and enjoy.
But wait... Something's wrong my party dies almost instantly. Why is that?
The problem is because we forgot to set a wait time after each time the players party gets hurt so they get hurt 40 times a second because rpg maker xp runs at 40 frames a second. To fix this we will need to add a wait after the party gets hurt.
After the change hp command add a wait for 40 frames. Why 40 frames? Cause rpg maker xp runs at 40 frames a second so they will only be getting hurt every second instead of 40 times a second.
Now as you noticed after play testing again everything's working right except you have no clue when your getting hurt. To fix that add a screen flash right above the wait command. On the 2nd page click Screen Flash .... Set the sliders for green and blue to 0 while keeping red at 255 and strength at 255. Set the time for 2 frames. Any lower than 2 frames and it will not show sometimes cause rpg maker xp is not a constant 40 frames per second and sometimes is 39 frames per second so it will be skipped sometimes unless you have it set to 2 frames. So it should look like this.
Now that we got the screen flashing we also need to make a noise when the party gets hit. It doesn't matter where you place it as long as its before the wait command. Make a play se ... command and set it for whatever sound you want.
After everything's done your event should look like this.
Congratulations you now know how to make a hurting and a healing event using terrain tags without using tons of events to get the same effect.
Now your saying to yourself "But... we didn't go over healing the player!" but we did go over healing the player. It may not seem like we did but we did. To make it heal is the same way as making it hurt except we use change the variable, set it to increase party HP, change the screen flash to blue and change the sound. I will show you how to add healing in the pic below.
Download: http://www.gdunlimit...in-tags-521.zip
Hope you enjoyed this little tutorial and as always. Thanks for reading :D.
If you want to request an event tutorial for me to do with rpg maker(any version) just shoot me a private message.
Note: This tutorial is a GDU exclusive and shouldn't be posted anywhere else!
-
By Luz
I'm not quite sure where to put this so if this is in the wrong place, please move it.
Anyway, since I haven't been able to use RMXP I've been making some characters. As for facesets, I'm usually fine with using face maker but for main characters I like to edit the face sets using paint.net (which can be downloaded for free from here: http://www.getpaint.net/download.html ) to give them more personality and set them apart from the NPC's. The way I edit them doesn't take much skill either.
So, I thought I'd give a tutorial on how I go about editing a character with paint.net.
How to edit eyes:
How to edit eyes onto a face set:
Forward Facing Face:
Face that's at an angle:
Face Profile:
I'll add a tutorial on editing hair and skin soon.
-
-
By kellessdee
Lesson 7: Flow Control - Looping
Ah, looping. Loops, in my opinion, are what separate a "script" from a "program." So, here comes the obligatory...
What is a loop?
Think of the word loop, in the terms of a song loop -- we say a song is looping when it repeats, once it reaches the end.
A loop in programming, is generally a block of code that is repeated any arbitrary number of times.
For example, at its very essence, all a video game is, is a huge loop continuously taking input and reacting based on the input and the game's current state, until the player quits the game.
So how does it work? Well, in ruby, there are actually many ways to "loop" or iterate -- as it's commonly referred to as -- let's start with the while loop.
while condition do # Loop block end The `do` portion of the while - loop syntax is optional --
while condition # Loop block end works as well.
So, "while" the "condition" evaluates to true (anything except false or nil), execute block. The while loop will continuously repeat until condition is false or nil.
Be Careful -- Endless loops. Endless loops refer to a loop that never ends. This happens because the condition never becomes false. If you get stuck in an endless loop, usually CTRL + C will break the loop.
As a programmer, we need to have some kind of control over how long a program repeats its statements.
One common method of loop control, is through use of a counter:
i = 0 while i < 5 puts "Hello!" i += 1 end the output would be:
Hello! Hello! Hello! Hello! Hello! How did this happen?
The interpreter sets a variable, `i`, to 0. It then enters the loop:
Is i less than 5? yes, display "Hello". i is now 1
Is i less than 5? yes, display "Hello". i is now 2
Is i less than 5? yes, display "Hello". i is now 3
Is i less than 5? yes, display "Hello". i is now 4
Is i less than 5? yes, display "Hello". i is now 5
Is i less than 5? no, i is equal to 5, stop looping.
We can use a variable as a counter, and use an arbitrary maximum number of iterations and then by counting the number of iterations we can determine when to stop executing the block.
Here's a better example:
"In mathematics, the factorial of a non-negative integer n, denoted by n!, is the product of all positive integers less than or equal to n. For example, 5! = 5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1 = 120 " (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factorial) (Yea, I was lazy and they had a better explanation......)
Er, let's translate this to our code!
Let's say we want a program that takes a number from the user, and calculates that number's factorial.
# Calculate the factorial print("Enter a number: ") number = gets.to_i # Get first number factorial = number print("#{number}!\n#{number}") while number > 1 # move to next number number -= 1 # get product of n..n-1 factorial *= number print(" * #{number} ") end puts("= #{factorial}") Test:
Enter a number: 5 5! 5 * 4 * 3 * 2 * 1 = 120 Looks good! As you can see, counters can decrement as well. How you do it, will mostly depend on the situation (remember, you don't always have to increment/decrement by 1, either.)
Of course, condition can be ANY expression, and is also used to loop based on a program's "current state."
Let's go back to the guessing game we created. Wouldn't it be much better if we let the user keep guessing until they quit or guess the number?
# Set a number to guess number = 10 # define the current "state" game_over = false while !game_over # Prompt the user to guess what number it is: print("I am thinking of a number. What is it? (Type q to quit) ") # Get the guess guess = gets.strip if guess.upcase == "Q" puts("Goodbye!") # Change current "state" game_over = true elsif guess.to_i < number puts("Too low!") elsif guess.to_i > number puts("Too high!") elsif guess.to_i == number puts("Wow! You got it!") # Won the game, change state game_over = true end end
Now, our simple guessing game is actually a game! Well, mostly. We'd want to randomize the number to make it more of a game, but I will go over random number generation another time. For now, it does what we need. The game will now continuously prompt the user until the variable game_over is true. Notice that, we could have instead made a variable, say, game_playing, and set it to true. Then, while game_playing is true, prompt the user -- either way would work.
Before we finish, I'd like to introduce to another form of looping, and some more loop control methods.
The next loop you will learn about, is called the "for" loop. The for loop can be considered a special type of iterator, but for now, just think of it as a loop with very specific bounds. (I will go over more about for and iterators, in a later lesson)
Let's go back to the factorial program we made. If you notice, a factorial always loops a very specific number of times. The number of times it loops may be dependant on the input, but it will always be a set value. This is where for loops come in.
for i in 0..5 puts i end produces:
0 1 2 3 4 5 So how does this work?
Well, the syntax is:
for variable in set # Block end For loops, will iterate through each item in a "set" (for now, we will only discuss ranges), and store the current object in the set, in the variable 'i'.
So what happened in the above loop? Well, in Ruby, a Range object (denoted by min..max or min...max), is actually a representation of a set of numbers from min to max.
Be careful with ranges, 0..5 means 0 to 5 inclusive, while 0...5 means 0 to 5 exclusive:0..5 => 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
0...5 => 0, 1, 2, 3, 4
Then, based on this analysis, i is first set to 0 (first item in the set), then we print i in the block. When we move to the next item/iteration, i is then set to 1, and we print it. The loop continues this pattern, until we reach the last item, then when there are no items left to be stored in i, we break out of the loop.Why is this useful? Well, let's put this to more practical use. Let's go back to the factorial program -- like I promised.
# Calculate the factorial print("Enter a number: ") number = gets.to_i factorial = number for i in 1...number #
factorial *= i
end
puts("#{number}! = #{factorial}")[/code]Note, that unfortunately, ranges don't work in reverse. For example, 5...1 is not 5,4,3,2. It will not work. There are ways to reverse ranges, but that would be treading into an area I want to save for another lesson.
Ahem, any who, carrying on... (I apologize for a larger amount of "later..."s, I would like, for this lesson, to focus on the concept of loops, without worrying too much about extra technical details, at least not yet)
Another good use of for loops, is for generating rows and columns of display. Say, we want to generate a pattern like this:
*************** *************** We could simply hard code a couple puts, and it would work...but what if we want to be able to draw any size?
# Get rows and columns print("Enter number of rows: ") rows = gets.to_i print("Enter number of columns: ") cols = gets.to_i # Display pattern for i in 0...rows for j in 0...cols print("*") end print("\n") end could produce:
Enter number of rows: 2 Enter number of columns: 15 *************** *************** It may seem silly, but if you can grasp this concept of nested for loops, you will find it VERY useful later on. But what exactly happens?
So, rows == 2 and cols == 15.
We enter the first loop at i = 0, and the second loop at j = 0.
Then j will become 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14 (remember, 0...cols is 0 to cols exclusive) and on each iteration, the interpreter will print a `*` on a single line.
When we break out of the nested loop, ruby prints a \n (newline character), then i becomes 1.
We then reach the nested loop again, and it does the exact same thing, printing 15 `*`s on the next line (notice, 0-14 inclusive or 0-15 exclusive, is 15 different numbers).
We break, print a new line, i runs out of numbers (0...rows exclusive => 0, 1) and therefore break from the outerloop, and stop looping altogether.
This concept will become very useful, when looping through grid-based data structures. (A single for loop, if you noticed, is meant/really good at looping through list-based data structures).
Finally, before I finish loops, I would like to teach you a couple useful control statements for loops -- break, and next.
loop do # Prompt the user to guess what number it is: print("I am thinking of a number. What is it? (Type q to quit) ") # Get the guess guess = gets.strip if guess.upcase == "Q" puts("Goodbye!") break end guess = guess.to_i if guess < number puts("Too low!") next end if guess > number puts("Too high!") next end if guess == number puts("Wow! You got it!") break end end So, this is a slightly modified version of our guessing game. If you try it out, you might notice it works exactly the same! Let's analyze what I changed.
Firstly, the loop is no longer a while loop...
loop do # Code end This is just another form of loop that ruby has, that represents an infinite loop -- when the interpreter finds this, it will continuously loop the block of code. (This is useful for if you need to loop, but not based on a certain state/condition).
Now, when a guess is made, if the guess is 'Q' or the right number, the loop will "break." break is a keyword in ruby, and is also a special function. It will "break out" of the current, immediate loop, and stop looping (Note, if you use break in a nested loop, it will only break out of the loop it is called from, not all loops).
We also, use `next` if the number is incorrect. next is like break (a special function for controlling loops), but what it does, is tell the ruby interpreter to skip to the "next" iteration, meaning next will skip the rest of the block of code, and restart the loop. If used in a for loop, this also means i becomes the next item in the list.
Well, that's all for today's lesson! I apologize for taking so long this time. Things are getting busy for me again, and I may take a little bit longer to finish each lesson. I will try my best, however, to keep the lessons coming once a week!
Now, I will leave you with a few more challenges:
1. Make a simple "menu" script, that will continuously prompt the user to enter a numeric selection, and display a different message based on the input. If the user types "q" or "Q" the menu should stop.
2. Write a script that will generate this output:
* ** *** **** ***** ****** ******* ******** ********* **********
or, if you're feeling really creative, try making it look like this:
* *** ***** ******* ********* ***********
(Kinda late for Christmas isn't it????)
3. The formula for converting degrees celsius to degrees fahrenheit is:
F = C * 9 / 5 + 32
Write a script that will display a Celsius -> Fahrenheit conversion table
from -10 celsius to 40 celsius.
i.e
-10C = 14F -9C = 15.8F -8C = 17.6F -7C = 19.4F ...etc.
-